--- title: "How to Start a Minecraft Server (Java 2026 Guide) | ZCS" description: "Start a Minecraft Java server step by step: pick hosting, install Java and Paper, accept the EULA, open port 25565 and invite players." url: "https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/start-minecraft-server" updated: "2026-10-29T08:05:55.316312+00:00" source: "ZCraft Studios" --- > Site index for AI agents: https://www.zcraftstudios.com/llms.txt (full reference: https://www.zcraftstudios.com/llms-full.txt). Every page is available as Markdown by adding `.md` to its URL or sending `Accept: text/markdown`. 1. [Home](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/) 2. [Blog](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog) 3. How to Start a Minecraft Server: Step-by-Step (Java, 2026) [ All posts](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog) # How to Start a Minecraft Server: Step-by-Step (Java, 2026) ZCraft StudiosSep 12, 2026Updated Oct 29, 2026 Start a Minecraft Java server step by step: pick hosting, install Java and Paper, accept the EULA, open port 25565 and invite players. ## In this guide - [What is a Minecraft server?](#what-is-a-minecraft-server) - [Pick how to host it](#pick-how-to-host-it) - [Step 1: install the right Java version](#step-1-install-the-right-java-version) - [Step 2: choose server software and download it](#step-2-choose-server-software-and-download-it) - [Step 3: first start and the EULA](#step-3-first-start-and-the-eula) - [Step 4: configure server.properties](#step-4-configure-serverproperties) - [Step 5: let players connect](#step-5-let-players-connect) - [Step 6: make yourself an operator](#step-6-make-yourself-an-operator) - [Step 7: add plugins, backups and security](#step-7-add-plugins-backups-and-security) - [Note for servers on Minecraft 26.1 and newer](#note-for-servers-on-minecraft-261-and-newer) - [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting) - [Frequently asked questions](#frequently-asked-questions) - [Related reading](#related-reading) - [Related update guides](#related-update-guides) - [Next steps](#next-steps) - [More guides](#more-guides) ## How to Start a Minecraft Server: Step-by-Step (Java, 2026) **Quick answer:** To start a Minecraft Java server, install the right Java version, download Paper from papermc.io, run it once to create `eula.txt`, set `eula=true`, run it again, then open port `25565` so players can connect. If you do not want to manage a machine, a hosting panel does these steps for you. ## What is a Minecraft server? A Minecraft server is a program that hosts a world so many players can join at once. Players connect with their game using the server's address. Unlike a single-player world or a LAN game, a dedicated server keeps running when you are not playing, and it can use plugins to add ranks, protection, economy and minigames. See [Minecraft Server vs. Realms](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-vs-realms) for how Mojang's own hosting differs. ## Pick how to host it | Option | Best for | Tradeoffs | | ------------------------ | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Hosting panel | Beginners, friends SMP | Easiest. Less control. See [First Server on a Hosting Panel](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-hosting-panel-first-server-checklist) | | Your own computer | Testing and small private servers | Free, but off when your PC is off, and needs port forwarding | | VPS or dedicated machine | Public servers | Full control and admin work. See [Dedicated Server vs VPS](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-dedicated-server-vs-vps) | | Realms | Simple private world | Limited, no plugins | Compare hosts in [Choosing a Minecraft Server Host](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/choosing-minecraft-server-host). ## Step 1: install the right Java version The version of Java depends on your Minecraft version. According to the Paper documentation: | Minecraft version | Java | | ----------------- | ------- | | 1.20 to 1.21.11 | Java 21 | | 26.1 and newer | Java 25 | Check yours with `java -version`. If the version is too old, the server fails to start with a class version error. Install a current JDK such as Eclipse Temurin, and always confirm the requirement on the [Paper getting started page](https://docs.papermc.io/paper/getting-started/). ## Step 2: choose server software and download it Use Paper unless you have a reason not to. It runs Bukkit, Spigot and Paper plugins and has strong performance. Compare it with Purpur and Folia in [Folia vs Paper vs Purpur](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-software-paper-purpur-folia). 1. Go to [papermc.io/downloads/paper](https://papermc.io/downloads/paper). 2. Choose your Minecraft version and download the latest build. 3. Create a folder for the server, such as `minecraft-server`, and save the jar as `paper.jar`. Players need a matching Minecraft Java client, or use [ViaVersion](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/viaversion-cross-version-setup) to allow other versions. ## Step 3: first start and the EULA Open a terminal in the folder and run: ``` java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -jar paper.jar --nogui ``` The server creates files and stops because you have not accepted the EULA. Read the Minecraft EULA, then open `eula.txt` and change `eula=false` to `eula=true`. Start the server again. The first start generates the world. Adjust the `4G` values to your available RAM, keeping some memory free for the operating system. See [RAM and Java Errors](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-java-heap-ram-errors). ### Start scripts Windows `start.bat`: ``` java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -jar paper.jar --nogui pause ``` Linux or macOS `start.sh`: ``` #!/bin/bash java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -jar paper.jar --nogui ``` For long-term hosting, see [Automatic Restarts and Crash Recovery](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-auto-restart-crash-recovery) and [Aikar's Flags](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/aikars-flags-performance-tuning). ## Step 4: configure server.properties Stop the server with `stop`, then edit `server.properties`. See [Server Files Explained](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-files-folders-explained) for every file. | Setting | What it does | | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | server-port | Port, default 25565 | | motd | Text in the server list. See [MOTD Setup](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-motd-icon-setup) | | max-players | Player limit | | gamemode, difficulty | Default game rules | | white-list | Only listed players can join. See [Whitelist Not Working?](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-whitelist-not-working) | | online-mode | Verifies accounts. Leave true unless you use a login plugin and understand the risk | | view-distance, simulation-distance | Lower values improve performance | | level-seed | World seed, used only when the world is created. See [Can You Change a Seed?](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-seed-existing-server-change) | For the full list see the [Paper server.properties reference](https://docs.papermc.io/paper/reference/server-properties/). ## Step 5: let players connect 1. **Test locally.** Join with `localhost` as the address. 2. **On a hosting panel or VPS,** use the IP address and port your host gives you. 3. **On your own computer,** forward TCP port `25565` on your router to your computer and allow it in your firewall. Then share your public IP. 4. **Use a domain** later so players do not need an IP. See [Custom Domain and SRV Records](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-dns-srv-record-guide). If friends cannot join, see [Port 25565 Not Working](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-port-25565-not-working) and [Connection Refused: Find the Real Cause](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-connection-refused-fix). ## Step 6: make yourself an operator In the server console, type: ``` op YourName whitelist on whitelist add FriendName ``` Operators can run powerful commands, so grant it only to people you trust. Later, use a permissions plugin instead. See [LuckPerms Setup Guide](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/luckperms-ranks-setup-guide). ## Step 7: add plugins, backups and security 1. Install a permissions plugin and basic commands. See [Essential Plugins](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-plugin-essentials) and [Best Plugins by Category](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/best-minecraft-plugins-by-category). 2. Protect land and log changes. See [GriefPrevention](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/griefprevention-claims-setup) and [CoreProtect](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/coreprotect-block-logging-setup). 3. Set up backups before inviting people. See [Backup Strategy](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-backup-strategy). 4. Check the firewall. See [Firewall Hardening](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-firewall-hardening). 5. Avoid the usual traps in [Common Server Setup Mistakes](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-mistakes). ## Note for servers on Minecraft 26.1 and newer Minecraft changed its version numbering and world storage in 26.1\. Follow the current Paper migration instructions if you move an older world, instead of guides written before 26.1\. Back up before upgrading. ## Troubleshooting | Problem | Fix | | ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Class version or "unsupported" Java error | Install the Java version for your Minecraft version | | Unable to access jarfile | The jar is not in the folder you ran the command from, or the name differs | | Server stops immediately | Accept the EULA | | Failed to bind to port | Another program uses the port, or the port is blocked on your host | | "Outdated client/server" | The player's Minecraft version does not match the server | | Lag after a few players join | See [Fix Minecraft Server Lag](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/reduce-minecraft-server-lag) | | Plugin shows red | See [Plugin Not Loading?](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-plugin-not-loading-fix) | ## Frequently asked questions **How do I start a Minecraft server for free?** Run Paper on your own computer. It is free but only online when your PC is on. Free hosts exist but are limited. **How much RAM does a Minecraft server need?** It depends on players, plugins and world size. Start with 4 GB for a small server and measure. **How do I start a Minecraft server on Windows?** Install Java, download Paper, create a `start.bat` as above, accept the EULA and run it. **How do I get a server on Minecraft?** Rent a hosting panel or VPS, or run one yourself with the steps above. Realms is Mojang's simpler option. **How do I run a Minecraft server 24/7?** Use a hosting panel or VPS with automatic restarts. See [Dedicated Server vs VPS](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-dedicated-server-vs-vps). **Can friends on Bedrock join?** Yes, with Geyser and Floodgate. See [Bedrock Crossplay Setup](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/geyser-floodgate-bedrock-crossplay-setup). **What are the different types of Minecraft servers?** See [Minecraft Server Types Explained](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-types-explained). ## Related reading - [How to Create a Minecraft Server: Step-by-Step Guide (Paper)](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/how-to-create-a-minecraft-server-walkthrough) - [Starting a Private SMP for Friends](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-smp-for-friends-launch-plan) - [Minecraft Server Monthly Cost Planning](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-launch-cost-planning) ## Related update guides - [Update a Minecraft Server to 26.1+: Java 25, Paper, Plugins](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-26-1-server-update-guide) - [Update a Paper Plugin for Minecraft 26.1](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/update-paper-plugin-to-minecraft-26-1) ## Next steps - [server.properties Explained: Every Minecraft Server Setting](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-properties-explained) - [Minecraft Server Commands: Console, OP and Admin List](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-commands-list) - [How to Add Plugins to a Minecraft Server](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/how-to-add-plugins-to-minecraft-server) - [How to Make a Minecraft Server Public: Port Forwarding Guide](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/make-minecraft-server-public-port-forwarding) - [Minecraft Server Won't Start: Errors and Fixes](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-wont-start-errors-fixes) - [How Much RAM Does a Minecraft Server Need?](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/how-much-ram-does-a-minecraft-server-need) - [How to Make a Modded Minecraft Server](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/how-to-make-a-modded-minecraft-server) ## More guides - [Move a Minecraft Server to a New Host Safely](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-move-host-without-losing-world) - [Run a Minecraft Server With Docker: Setup Guide](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/docker-minecraft-server-setup) - [Apex Minecraft Hosting: Features, Plans and Alternatives](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/apex-minecraft-hosting-features-plans) - [Cheap Minecraft Server Hosting: What You Really Get](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/cheap-minecraft-server-hosting-guide) - [Shockbyte vs Apex vs BisectHosting: Which Host to Pick](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/shockbyte-vs-apex-vs-bisecthosting) ## Continue reading - [How to Create a Minecraft Server: Step-by-Step Guide (Paper)](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/how-to-create-a-minecraft-server-walkthrough) - [Choosing a Minecraft Server Host: Shared, VPS, or Dedicated](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/choosing-minecraft-server-host) - [Folia vs Paper vs Purpur: Which Server Software?](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-software-paper-purpur-folia) - [Minecraft Server Won't Start: Errors and Fixes (Java, EULA)](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-wont-start-errors-fixes) [ Previous guide Minecraft Maintenance Mode Without Losing Players](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-server-maintenance-mode-without-losing-players)[ Next guide Essential Minecraft Server Plugins: What You Actually Need](https://www.zcraftstudios.com/blog/minecraft-plugin-essentials)